The Balicassiao (Dicrurus balicassius Linnaeus, 1766), a member of the family Dicruridae, is an endemic, non-migratory bird species found throughout the Philippines. It is widely distributed across Luzon, with documented sightings in provinces such as Quezon, Laguna, Sorsogon, Marinduque, and Mindoro. Currently, three recognized subspecies occur within the country, with the species’ range extending from as far north as Abra province to as far south as Negros.
The Balicassiao is a medium-sized bird, measuring approximately 20–30 cm in length. It is characterized by a black beak and predominantly black plumage with an iridescent sheen, displaying a glossy metallic blue to purplish hue, which is especially prominent on its distinctive forked tail. This iridescence is more subdued on the crown, hind neck, throat, and upper breast, where it appears mainly along the feather tips and margins. The species typically inhabits trees in subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and is found across several islands in the northern half of the Philippines.
This species of bird primarily feeds on invertebrates, insects, and fruits. It is an oviparous species, reproducing by laying eggs, and exhibits monogamous mating behavior.
Despite its adaptability, the Balicassiao is increasingly threatened by habitat loss and noise pollution, which can disrupt its natural behaviors and breeding patterns. Conservation efforts are essential to safeguard the future of this endemic and ecologically significant bird species.
By: MMCaña, AALimpiada, JBBalatibat 2025