With a wingspan of 120-140 mm, the Scarlet Mormon (Papilio rumanzovia) is a large, striking butterfly that commands attention wherever it appears. This species is known for its strong, deliberate flight as it moves through forests and gardens across the Philippines.
A Tale of Two Sexes
The Scarlet Mormon displays strong differences between males and females. Males are predominantly black with red patches on the undersides of their wings and lack hindwing tails. Females are highly variable and often more colorful, displaying vibrant red and white streaks on both sides of their wings.
Where to Find Them
The Scarlet Mormon is widely distributed across Southeast Asia, with its primary stronghold in the Philippines, including major islands like Luzon. The species is closely linked to the availability of citrus and related plants. It is commonly found in tropical rainforests, secondary growth forests, and woodlands. Due to its preference for citrus host plants, this butterfly has successfully adapted to human-modified environments and frequently appears in gardens, orchards, and cultivated areas where nectar-rich flowers are abundant.
Diet and Feeding
The larvae are specialist feeders on citrus and related plants, particularly lemon, mandarin, and curry leaf plants. Adult butterflies are active nectar-feeders, frequenting colorful blooms such as Hibiscus, Ixora, Lantana, and Bougainvillea to fuel their high-energy flight.
Conservation Concerns
The Scarlet Mormon faces threats from deforestation, habitat loss, and illegal animal trade. Protecting both natural forests and the gardens that support this adaptable species is important for its continued survival.
Partner With Us
Partner with us in our efforts to protect and conserve the Mariang Makiling Forest Reserve. Contact us at mcme.uplb@up.edu.ph to learn more.